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Somalia finally adopted its first official constitution since the civil war, achieved through domestic efforts without foreign funding, ending decades of provisional governance and establishing direct public elections for lawmakers. The constitutional process faced opposition from those seeking to preserve the status quo and avoid democratic reforms. This historic victory provides the legal foundation for state institutions and represents a major milestone in state-building.
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has betrayed the social contract by prioritizing personal loyalty over competence, abandoning anti-corruption promises and echoing Farmaajo’s authoritarian playbook. Al-Shabaab now controls about 30% of Somalia and surrounds Mogadishu with checkpoints, while the president sidelines federal states instead of uniting against terrorism. Constitutional changes extending his term show he has chosen personal ambition over national interest.