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Alabama's legislature was caught red-handed drawing maps that intentionally diluted Black voting power, and federal courts said so — twice. This is a state repeatedly defying rulings that found deliberate 14th Amendment violations. The Voting Rights Act exists precisely for moments like this, and gutting Black political representation doesn't become constitutional just because a state keeps trying.
Race-based redistricting violates the equal protection guarantees of the 14th and 15th Amendments and no statute can override the Constitution indefinitely. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act never actually mandated majority-minority districts, and decades of judicial overreach twisted it into something Congress never intended. Ending racial gerrymandering restores a system where voters aren't sorted by skin color.