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Iran's strikes on U.S. bases across the Gulf were retaliation against a war launched in part from Gulf territory. If U.S. bombers used bases in Saudi Arabia and the UAE to strike Iran, Tehran was never going to treat those states as neutral bystanders. Gulf governments are now paying the price for aligning closely with Washington — absorbing significant military, economic and infrastructure risks for a confrontation they did not fully control.
Saudi Arabia didn't just absorb Iran's attacks — it hit back, launching covert retaliatory strikes on Iranian soil for the first time ever. The UAE also reportedly responded in kind, even coordinating at least one strike with Israel. Together, the Gulf states made clear that Iran's missile and drone campaigns would carry real consequences, while back-channel diplomacy helped push de-escalation before the broader ceasefire took hold.