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Philip Nitschke is an Australian physician, activist, and founder of Exit International, an organization advocating for voluntary euthanasia and assisted dying rights. He is widely known as 'Dr. Death' and is recognized as a pioneer in the right-to-die movement, having administered the world's first legal voluntary euthanasia under Australia's short-lived Rights of the Terminally Ill Act in 1996. Nitschke has authored books on end-of-life options, developed devices such as the Sarco euthanasia pod, and remains one of the most prominent and controversial figures globally in debates surrounding assisted dying and personal autonomy.